Busting Common Myths About the Brain & Alzheimer's Disease

When it comes to Alzheimer’s, myths and misconceptions can create confusion and discourage people from taking meaningful action. Inaccurate beliefs may delay diagnosis, prevent early prevention efforts, or fuel unnecessary fear. By separating fact from fiction, we can empower individuals and families with knowledge, and support lifelong brain health with confidence and clarity.

Myth: “I’m destined to get Alzheimer’s because it runs in my family.”

Reality: While family history can raise your risk, genetics do not determine your future. An incredibly small percentage (1-5%) of Alzheimer’s cases are "familial" and caused by mutations in the APP, PSEN1, or PSEN2 genes — essentially guaranteeing that Alzheimer's will develop. Alternatively, inheriting one or two copies of the APOE4 gene increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's, but it's certainly not guaranteed! Healthy lifestyle habits like staying physically active, eating a balanced diet rich in antioxidants, getting enough sleep, managing stress, and engaging your mind can significantly lower your risk and even protect against genetic predispositions.

Myth: “Alzheimer’s is just a normal part of aging.”

Reality: Growing older doesn’t automatically mean you’ll get Alzheimer’s. Normal aging may bring occasional forgetfulness, like misplacing your keys or forgetting a name, but Alzheimer’s involves progressive damage to brain cells that interferes with daily life. It’s a medical disease, not an inevitable consequence of age. Understanding this difference helps people seek care earlier when symptoms arise.

Myth: “Older brains can’t learn new things.”

Reality: The brain remains adaptable throughout life thanks to a process called neuroplasticity — the ability to form new neural connections. Learning new skills, practicing a musical instrument, or even taking up a new hobby challenges your brain and builds “cognitive reserve.” This mental resilience helps protect against cognitive decline and keeps your mind sharp, no matter your age.

Myth: “Memory problems always mean Alzheimer’s.”

Reality: Memory changes can be caused by many things such as, stress and anxiety, medication side effects, sleep deprivation, thyroid issues, or even depression. While Alzheimer’s is one cause of memory loss, it’s far from the only one. If you or someone you love notices persistent memory issues, it’s best to get evaluated. Early diagnosis can reveal treatable causes or allow for early intervention if it is dementia-related.

Myth: “You can’t grow more brain cells.”

Reality: For decades, scientists believed the adult brain couldn’t regenerate. But research has proven that neurogenesis — the growth of new neurons — can occur in certain brain regions, such as the hippocampus, which is crucial for memory and learning. Regular exercise, adequate sleep, and a diet high in omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants can help support this natural regeneration process.

Myth: “We only use 10% of our brains.”

Reality: Brain imaging studies have completely debunked this myth. We use virtually every part of our brain throughout the day, even while sleeping. Each region plays a role in functions like movement, memory, emotion, and problem-solving. The widespread damage caused by Alzheimer’s is proof that our entire brain is active and essential.

Myth: “There’s nothing you can do to prevent Alzheimer’s.”

Reality: While there’s no single guaranteed way to prevent Alzheimer’s, our research suggests that you can reduce your risk through a brain-healthy lifestyle. Regular physical activity, a Mediterranean-style diet, strong social connections, quality sleep, and good cardiovascular health all protect the brain. We have lots of brain healthy tips from our team of experts!

Myth: “If I feel fine, my brain must be fine.”

Reality: Alzheimer’s and other dementias develop gradually, often decades before noticeable symptoms appear. Subtle changes can begin long before memory loss is obvious. That’s why prevention efforts are most effective when started early, not after symptoms begin.

Myth: “Brain games alone will keep my brain healthy.”

Reality: Crossword puzzles and brain-training apps are great for mental stimulation, but they’re only part of the picture. True brain health requires a full body approach. The best “workout” for your brain involves variety, not repetition.

The Bottom Line

Understanding Alzheimer’s, and separating myth from truth, empowers us to take action earlier, support loved ones better, and build habits that protect our cognitive health. While there’s still much to learn, one fact is clear: your daily choices matter. Knowledge, prevention, and proactive care are the most powerful tools we have to protect the brain.

By Alicia Barber Minteer, PhD